Social Inequality and Insecurity in Canada

Social Inequality and Insecurity in Canada ASSIGNMENT-2 Social inequality illustrates a scenario in a society where there is disparity that has limiting effect on a group’s social status and class. Inequality, in this reference, refers to the differences in status, experience, and outcomes among various groups of individuals in the society. The social inequality covers aspects like right to vote for every adult individual, right to speech, right to access property and right to education, quality of healthy living, quality of housing, traveling, vacationing and other social goods and services. It can also be viewed in the quality of family and neighborhood life, occupation, job satisfaction, and right to credit. Social insecurity refers to a condition in a society where people do not receive benefits because of their employment program. For instance privilege for retirement pensions, disability insurance and employment guarantee program. The provision of services may vary from country to country which may include health care, financial support during unemployment or retirement, safety at work. Insecurity rises from temporary work that does not give a commitment by the agency for permanent employment. This does not provide a reliable level of income or work for the workers. Temporary workers face dismissal at work place and lack job security. A recent study conducted in Canada revealed that the main difference between inequality and insecurity. Inequality describes the situation where the workers with equal labor productivity, ability, education, training and experience are treated unequal. They face inequality in employment selection procedure, job promotion, level of wages, training and other areas. However, insecurity is a situation where an employee has a perception that his or her job is uncertain and may come to an end sooner or later. This perception stands as a threat caused by the instability and unsteadiness of job or unsatisfied for possibly being fired at any time. The major causes of inequality and insecurity are different. Work inequality is affected characteristics like racism, gender inequality, skin color, age, family background, tradition, religion, physical fitness and the nationality of a person. However, work insecurity depends on work background, job importance, job content, work environment, job sat isfaction and career development. The effect of social inequality and insecurity on Canadian society is the division of labor market into good jobs and bad jobs. Social Inequality is dominated by professional and skilled workers and social insecurity is dominated by women and racist groups. The bad jobs provide little security of job and nearly about one tenth of the Canadian population is engaged in it. The birth of non-standard jobs is due to inequality as there is vulnerability of unemployment. Therefore, people hold multiple jobs at a time for survival. Temporary work is also a form of non-standard jobs wherein the job is dependent on the season and terms of contract with the company. A new type of agencies have been started which act as a broker between the employee and the employer. These agencies make arrangements for the temporary positions and individuals seeking jobs. The agency’s income is derived from the difference between what it charges the company and what it pays the individual worker. Self-em ployment is referred to as a means to achieve flexibility and freedom from the regular unemployment, low wages, and insecurity. It is segmented between a primary and a secondary market. In the primary self-employment market, companies run on full-time basis and often have few employees who have access to the benefits. This market segment mostly consists of older men who all have an established network of potential clients. In the secondary self-employment market, there is more uncertainty of work, lack of control of labor market and protection and inadequate incomes. Studies have revealed that insecurity in Canada has increased over the past 20 years. The possibility of unemployment is a significant reason for insecurity in Canada. It varies from workers in permanent full-time jobs to workers in temporary positions in contract. â€Å"Churn† refers to the very high turnover rates associated with certain occupations. A number of jobs, such as contract work and seasonal jobs show insecurity in their nature. Unemployment risk is higher for working individuals (25-64 years age) having a high school diploma or nothing. Unemployment risk is also higher for those in the primary sector than in the tertiary sector. But some areas of the tertiary sector, such as health and education, show low unemployment and infrequent job changes. While jobs like in hospitality and food services show higher unemployment and high turnover rates due to seasonal variations. In 2010, minimum wage levels ranged from $7.5 per hour in British Columbia to $9.5 per hour in Ontario. An individual earning $8.00 per hour and working forty hours per week will earn $16000 per year, if that individual does not take any off from work for the entire year. This individual living anywhere in Canada likely to have housing or other living expenses, job changes and will live below the low-income cut-off rate. The major causes of inequality in Canada were studied and deduced as follows:- Women: Women have always played a key role in the economy, yet their work, whether paid or unpaid, has never been recognized. Considerably, Women’s participation in the labor market has hiked since the end of World War II. The reasons being: desire for economic independence, less number of children per family, changed marital status, better access to education. Radicalized groups: The employment patterns of radicalized groups are similar to those of women. They experience a low average income, low participation rates, and higher unemployment rates. They also are less involved into white-collar jobs and are more in to the pink and blue-collar jobs. These groups of workers are more employed in non-union positions. They are likely to be absent in professional and managerial occupations. Persons with disabilities:- The majority of these people are excluded from school, work and society. This group has low participation and employment opportunities and the rate of low incomes is twice that of persons with no disabilities. They face more of the fluctuations in the labor market and social exclusion. Young workers, Aboriginal persons and old workers: Aboriginal persons have very low employment level because of the differences in education levels. As increasing numbers of Aboriginal persons are getting their post-secondary education, they find themselves alongside others who are seeking work and are not included in Aboriginal organizations. The labor market patterns of older section of people are also changing particularly due to the factors like loss of jobs, pensions and mandatory retirement. The income level due to these conditions has not allowed them to purchase property or save money for retirement. Young workers constitute another group who face unemployment in Canada due to lack of experience which plays the major reason for their condition. Fig 1:-The above graph is a study conducted in year 2009 showing the low income rate among various countries using MBM. Fig 2:-The above graph shows the income gap between the rich and the poorest groups in Canada over the past 10 years. The effective policies brought in by the Canadian government to reduce inequality in Canada are changes in wages and salaries distribution. The changes are as follows: Changes in work environment, part-time working opportunities, self-employed and non-standard labor contracts and an increase in division of work hours. Technological changes with the benefits of technical progress among the high-skilled. Regulatory policies targeted at promoting growth and productivity, which enhanced both employment and income inequality. Re-distribution through taxes and benefits in mitigating income inequality within all countries. Tax provisions being reviewed on top-income households to ensure the tax system is progressive and fair. Better education facilities for certain groups in Canada, certainly among Aboriginals. This is a major issue of concern requiring more efficient policy action. REFERENCES 1. http://www.conferenceboard.ca/hcp/hot-topics/caninequality.aspx 2. http://www.thestar.com/opinion/commentary/2013/09/26/growth_of_inequality_in_canada _cannot_be_denied.html 3. http://www.mqup.ca/social-inequality-in-canada-products-9780886292799.php 4. http://www.parl.gc.ca/content/hoc/Committee/403/HUMA/Reports/RP4770921/humarp07 /humarp07-e.pdf 5. http://www.caledoninst.org/Publications/PDF/594ENG.pdf 6. http://www.parl.gc.ca/content/hoc/Committee/403/HUMA/Reports/RP4770921/humarp07 /humarp07-e.pdf 7. http://www.policyalternatives.ca/publications/reports/rise-canadas-richest-1 8. John Loxley, Public Service, Private Profits: The Political Economy of Public/Private Partnerships in Canada

Compare and Contrast Gatsby’s and Myrtles Parties

At the end of Chapter 2 and at the beginning of Chapter 3, we find Nick describing two different parties, the first one Myrtle's, the second Gatsby's. The parties are very different themselves; they contain two completely contrasting settings, at opposite ends of the spectrum. Myrtle's party is at the lower end of the spectrum, and seems to be the ‘wannabe party', where most of the people there are the people who wish to become the people who attend Gatsby's party, who are the rich and famous. This contrast of attendees to the parties is very interesting, and in my view, portrays how society in 1920's America was. People wanted to be rich, and followed how the people who were rich to as close as they possibly could. Myrtle's party is a very interesting scenario, in all of its forms. Myrtles apartment even shows how she is determined to live the upper class lifestyle. The description of the apartment (â€Å"a small living room, a small dining room, a small bedroom, and a bath. â€Å") Shows how poor it really is, and may also show how poor Myrtle is. The apartment also shows Myrtle's undying desperation and need to be seen as rich, mostly shown in the items inside the apartment. † tapistried furniture entirely too large for it (the apartment) † The furniture is symbolic of Myrtle in many ways, it can be seen that she is desperate to be seen as rich, and so she buys items that are too large for her own restrictions on life. It could also be seen that the ‘furniture entirely too large for it' shows that Myrtle's desires for life are too large for what she can manage, and so they seem to become cumbersome, and become intrusive in everything that she does. ladies swinging in the gardens of Versailles† is showing the type of lifestyle Myrtle wants to have, and it is the lifestyle that Daisy and Jordan have achieved. This continues to show the desperation of Myrtle, as she is trying to gain the ‘touch of class' wherever she can, and this desperation is amplified when we see how much of a following she has on celebrities lives (â€Å"several old copies of Town Tattle†) it seems she is hoping that if she reads and learns how celebrities live, she will pick up that lifestyle and become one also. The people who go to the party help show what the party is trying to portray. Catherine, Myrtle's sister, is exactly the same as Myrtle in many ways. She is portrayed by Nick as very fake, and possibly a ‘Gold digger', but the reality is that she is just trying to gain security, and the best way to do that in the 1920's was to find a rich husband. Mr. McKee is a photographer, and we can tell by the way he asks enthusiastically to Tom about possibly photographing his family, that he also desperate and trying to ‘make it big'. This is further reinforced at the end of the chapter, where McKee is drunk, half naked and still showing his portfolio to people, in this case, Nick. This shows the perseverance people at this time had to become rich, and how much they needed to force their particular medium on people to get a chance to become rich, but also to preserve their dreams. Tom, at this time, is at the party to escape his life with Daisy, and it is interesting how differently he treats Myrtle and Daisy, but also the similarities. Tom seems to be more willing to spend on Myrtle, for example, the apartment itself and the dog. It is obvious that Tom only wishes to use Myrtle, and thus the apartment, for sex, which is why he has spent so little on it, as it only contains what he requires. However, there are similarities in how he treats Daisy and Myrtle. For example, he will not allow either of them to have their own says if they are not the same as his, and how brutally he treats them if they do not . We see this in plain view when he breaks Myrtle's nose. This shows how he believes in a patriarchal society, and shows how he can bring he back down to reality with one deft blow. Gatsby's party is so much different from Myrtle's it is unrecognizable. Gatsby's party is extremely extravagant, and everything Myrtle wants hers to be. His vastness of wealth is shown in many ways, such as â€Å"‘his Rolls Royce became an omnibus', ‘five crates of oranges and lemons', ‘enough coloured lights to make a Christmas tree', ‘pitful of oboes and trombones'† All of these show off how much wealth Gatsby has, and it is even more amplified with the knowledge that these parties are common occurrences. The descriptions given also seem to be very biblical, such as â€Å"pyramid of pulpless halves†. This imagery may show the fact that the pyramid is made of ‘pulpless halves' shows the people who go to these parties are the kind of people that are in the magazines that Myrtle reads, which are known to be very superficial. The fact that Gatsby is still mainly called â€Å"my neighbour† shows that he is still very mysterious, even though he continuously throws these large parties. This is an interesting contrast, we expect people who throw such parties to be the type of people who show off, or who are celebrities. In other words, the type of people Myrtle aspires to be like. However, Gatsby is not like this, we know he throws parties with such exuberance and enthusiasm, and yet we have only seen a glimpse of the character himself, and we have not as of yet heard a piece of dialogue from him. This is probably why Nick is so interested in him, as he does not fit into the mould that people expect him to. There is no specific people mentioned who go to Gatsby's party, apart from Catherine in the previous chapter. The other people are only described as â€Å"enthusiastic meetings between women who never knew each other's names† This description shows who the type of people go to Gatsby's parties, they seem to be very superficial, and the stereotypical ‘rich person' we can compare this with Myrtle's party, where almost everyone there, excluding Tom, wants to become rich, but they do not think about the consequences of such a thing and will possibly fall into this stereotype, or see it as the right way to be. We can see contrasts between the two parties in many areas, such as the fact Myrtle's party feels very cramped, whereas Gatsby's is very open. This shows the value of life and wealth these two people have, as well as their ambitions. Myrtle's overwhelming ambition to be rich and famous controls as to what she does, which is to do anything she can and nothing else to get her dream. Gatsby's position in life means that he can do what with his life, making his party personify his freedoms. Overall, we are shown two different sides of 1920's America. We see the Hollywood-style America, with Gatsby's party, where everyone is having a fantastic time, even if it is all very hollow. But we are also seen the underbelly of America, with all the opportunists in one place trying to use the wealthiest person there to boost themselves upwards. This, could be said, to be the reality of the American Dream. To make it big, you need to use every chance you can get and make all of the risks you can chance to make it, and if you don't, you fall down the ladder and have to start again.

Analysis of Shakespeares Helena and Demetrius

William Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream tells of four young Athenian lovers—Helena, Demetrius, Hermia, and Lysander—and their mixed-up love affairs, aided and complicated by the actions of fairies. Helena When Helena is first introduced, she demonstrates her insecurities about her looks and her jealousy toward her friend Hermia, who has unwittingly stolen the affections of Demetrius from her. Helena wants to be more like Hermia to win back Demetrius’ heart. Hers is the harder love story to swallow, as Demetrius is in effect drugged by the fairies to be in love with her, but she accepts it all the same. Her insecurity leads her to accuse Hermia of mocking her when both Demetrius and Lysander are in love with Hermia: Lo, she is one of this confederacy. / Now I perceive they have conjoined all three / To fashion this false sport in spite of me. / Injurious Hermia, most ungrateful maid, / Have you conspired, have you with these contrived / To bait me with foul derision. Helena demeans herself in chasing after Demetrius even when he scorns her, but this demonstrates her constant love for him. It also allows the audience to accept the idea that Demetrius was drugged to be in love with her. We are more amenable to the idea that she would be happy just to have the chance to be together with him, whatever the circumstances. However, when Demetrius says he loves her, she understandably thinks he is mocking her; he has fallen out of love with her once before, so there was a risk this could happen again. But the story ends happily with Demetrius and Helena in love, and the audience is asked to be happy with that. We are urged by the fairy Puck to consider the play as a dream, and in a dream, we don’t consider the whys and wherefores of what happens. Similarly, the audience can accept that all the characters are happy by the end of the story. Demetrius Demetrius is Egeus’ chosen suitor for his daughter Hermia. Demetrius loves Hermia, but Hermia is not interested in him. He once was betrothed to Hermia’s best friend, Helena, who still loves him. When Helena tells Demetrius that Hermia has eloped with Lysander, he decides to follow Hermia into the forest. He intends to kill Lysander, but how this will encourage Hermia to love him is unclear: â€Å"Where is Lysander, and fair Hermia? The one I’ll slay, the other slayeth me.† Demetrius’ treatment of Helena is harsh; he is rude to her and leaves her in no doubt that he is no longer interested in her: â€Å"For I am sick when I do look on thee,† he says. However, he poses a thinly veiled threat that he might take advantage of her while she is alone with him in the forest, and he urges her to have more self-respect: You do impeach your modesty too much / To leave the city and commit yourself / Into the hands of one that loves you not, / To trust the opportunity of night / And the ill counsel of a desert place / With the rich worth of your virginity. Helena says that she trusts him and knows that he is virtuous and he would not take advantage. Unfortunately, Demetrius is willing to leave Helena to the â€Å"wild beasts† rather than protect her to achieve his own ends. This doesnt demonstrate his best qualities, and, as a result, his fate is more palatable to the audience as he succumbs to the influence of magic and is made to love someone hes not interested in. Under the influence of Puck’s magic, Demetrius pursues Helena, saying: Lysander, keep thy Hermia. I will none. / If e’er I loved her, all that love is gone. / My heart to her but as guest-wise sojourned / And now to Helena is it home returned, / There to remain. As the audience, we have to hope that these words are genuine and we can revel in the couple’s happiness forever after.

Epidemiology Is The Foundation Of Public Health Essay

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Analyzing A Number Of Business Ratios From A Business...

The purpose of this report is to analyse a number of business ratios from a business financial terms. We presented information about the ROA, current ratio, PE ratio etc. and provided how Tesla’s performance was in the share market. These data would be useful for investors when they make investment decisions, and it is also important to Tesla’s managements for corporation development in the future. It is recommended that it is difficult to evaluate precisely on the share price due to the incompletely exposure on the overall information.Tesla Motors, Inc. is a technology innovation company which designs, manufactures and sells electronic vehicle. Electronic vehicle not only save money, but also contribute efficiently a healthy and stable†¦show more content†¦If earnings are expected to grow in the future, the estimated P/E will be lower than the current P/E. This measure is also used to compare one company to another with a forward-looking focus. Earnings per sh are reflects the profitability of the business. This rate indicates the profit per share created. The higher EPS, the more profit created. However, the low EPS doesn’t necessarily mean the business has performed badly. Although Tesla’s EPS growth rate (-193.6% EPS for the current year) is low, Tesla is seen as a prospective business. The reason is the business earns and reinvest its earning back to other field for business development. And the next year expected high EPS growth (135.47%) can also be the fully illustration on this. Return on assets (ROA) measures how profitability a business relates to its total assets. Generally, ROA needs to be positive if the business is growing. However, not all companies with negative ROAs are always bad investments. Tesla’s negative ROA are interpreted that high risk project (trade to fuel) have been reinvested. Although this investment is expected to have a negative ROA after one year or an initial period, but improve over time. 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Multiple Sclerosis Diseases Free Essays

Multiple Sclerosis is a disease that bewilders us all.. There is no known cause. We will write a custom essay sample on Multiple Sclerosis Diseases or any similar topic only for you Order Now We do know that MS (multiple sclerosis) is a disease where the myelin breaks down and is replaced by scar tissue. The demyelination can slow down or block the flow of signals to and from the central nervous system to the rest of the body, impairing such functions as vision, strength, and coordination. 1 While we do know what MS is we still don’t know why, where and when people contract the disease. It has been proven that MS generally appears between the ages of twenty to forty and it strikes women at more than twice the ratio it strikes men. Statistics have also shown that the disease strikes the middle and upper class more than the lower class and poor. Worldwide research shows that MS has a broad geographical distribution. It has long established that MS is more prominent in colder regions and rare in tropical areas. Maine being a colder climate has shown some of the highest rates of MS. 2 There is evidence of a slight increase in MS among first degree relatives–parents, siblings, and children. It is also suspected that the same family members may inherent a genetic susceptibility to MS. While it is possible to inherit a genetic susceptibility to MS, it is not possible to inherit the disease. And even people who have all the necessary genes don’t necessarily get MS. The disease, experts believe, must be triggered by environmental factors. So MS is not considered a hereditary disease. 3 Until the definite cause of Ms is proved the treatment cannot be truly scientific. But there are treatments that are effective in dealing with symptoms. For instance, there are the common sense treatments that everyone, with or without an illness, should treat themselves with, which are: A healthy diet, exercise, sufficient amount of rest and to live your life as you would normally. There are also lots of drugs that treat many of the different symptoms. Since there are so many symptoms and treatments, I will only list a few: Treatments that increase the blood flow, that decrease blood clotting, treatments for chemical eccess or deficiency, treatments to prevent infection and treatments for the immune system. Treatment and rehabilitation have also been joined together. Weakness is one of the major symptoms of Ms and can be treated with physical therapy and strengthening exercises. One of the best exercises for reducing weakness in the limbs is hydrotherapy. Hydrotherapy is done in the water. Hydrotherapy exercises use the benefits of buoyancy. Another way to eliminate weakness is to stay off a weak limb. Overall, by recognizing limits and using common sense, weakness can be greatly diminished. 4 Spasticity, another MS symptom, is most effectively treated with physical therapy. Cold is an excellent temporary measure for relaxing the spastic limb. Hydrotherapy is, again, the most effective exercise for relief, combining stretching and cool temperatures. There are also many medications for spasticity, such as Baclofen, Dantrollene, and Diazepam. Relaxation techniques such as yoga, transcendental meditation, biofeedback, have been successful with spasticity as well. 5 Some MS patients might have mild to sever balance trouble. In mild cases, the person can learn how to compensate easily by standing and walking with a little wider base and taking short steps rather than long strides. When balance trouble is a little more severe, a four-pronged cane, crutches or a walker may be necessary. Someone with MS could have visual problems. The problem varies from decreased acuity, blurred or cloudy vision, and double vision. The treatment depends on the stage of the problem. If it is a new part of an attack, visual loss responds to steroids. If it is a persistent problem, glasses or special lenses might be the best treatment. 7 Bladder problems are unfortunately not uncommon with MS. The most common are frequency and urgency. There are three good medications that relieve symptoms when they are present for more than a week or two: Pro-Banthine, Ditropan and Tofranil. Iif bladder problems do not respond to medication, a complete bladder training problem may be prescribed. 7 The treatments and medications used ten years ago are still effective and still being used but there are medical breakthroughs being announced regularly. In October of 1994, there was a medical breakthrough. Researchers found out that an anticancer drug stops the most crippling form of MS. The drug is Cladribine and the results are dramatic. A study was done on 49 patients with progressive chronic MS, which effects about 53,000 Americans and is the most severe form of MS. Half of the patients were given the drug and the other half were given a placebo. For the patients that were given Cladribine the spread of MS stopped for all patients and some improved. Their legs no longer shook and they no longer needed canes or braces. Dr. Ernest Beutler stated: â€Å"It’s the only agent that has clearly been shown to stop the progression of the disease. â€Å"8 Another treatment that is not new or a medical breakthrough but is very effective and gaining popularity with MS patients is Apitherapy, which is the scientific name for the bee venom that is used by MS patients. Doctors aren’t exactly sure why the bee venom is effective. They know that the venom contains two powerful anti-inflammatory agents, melittin and adolapin which appear to fight the neural sheath inflammation itself. One women with MS is quoted after two months of bee venom treatments: â€Å"My hearing was totally back and I was out of the wheelchair and walking with a cane†. Another example was a young women who had bladder problems. After her venom treatments she hasn’t wet the bed since she first contracted MS. Others have noticed more balance, more energy and less numbness in there legs and feet. Overall, whether it’s medication, exercise, rehabilitation, the most important factor in the treatment of this disease is to have a positive attitude, hope for the future, and a desire to live your life as you normally would from day to day. Socially MS can be just as difficult to fight as it is physically. Dating, marriage, children, careers, parents and friends can be difficult barriers emotionally. dating is hard for anyone regardless of sex, age, appearance or status in life. if your MS has visual symptoms that are apparent to others. its best to be open right away. You should go about this in whatever way is most comfortable to you. for people with mild or invisible MS, disclosure to a dating can and probably should wait. Like any other person some relationships work out and some don’t . The best advice is to date, explore new relationships and don’t be afraid to fall in love. 2 MS will have an impact on your marriage. Management of Ms requires patience and understanding. When your MS is in remission there may be no problem to face. When you’re in a new attack, your mate need to take over shopping, cooking, mowing, and caring for the children if any. the most patience and understandings comes to anned when a person with MS becomes disabled. this is the real test of love for most couples. this is when you should really take notice of what kind of problems you had before. Don’t expect your partner to feel guilty. if the marriage was meant to work it will work. If you have MS your children have probably already figured out that something is wrong before you tell them. The best approach is to be honest with your children. with each knew attack there needs to be communication. Parents with MS should watch their children for any emotional difficulties they may be having. Keeping your friends should not be a problem. Good reins stick by your side through everything. Your friends should feel comfortable with you just as you should feel comfortable with them. With making new friends it should be just the same as you made them before. You should eventually tell them about MS but it can wait until both feel comfortable with talking about it. More often it is harder for someone with MS just to hang on to a job. unfortunately it has little to do with their ability and more to do with discrimination. But today there are laws and regulations so Know one with any disability should be fired or feel thy have to quit. 2 Job hunting with Ms is a whole different issue. if you have viable symptoms, you are going to have to address your situation up front . If you have an interview you may want to be up front about it on the phone. The main thing is if you feel comfortable with yourself others will to. You should always emphasize that you are a hard worker. And be aware of discrimination because it happens all the time and it is illegal. Overall i personally believe that Ms should not get in the way of your social life. If you have a good personality you should be able to make friends and if you are a hard worker there is no reason why you should not be able to work. A positive way of thinking will definitely get you on your way. After MS patients have dealt with physical therapy, doctors, treatments and medications you may ask yourself where would therapeutic recreation come into the picture? The answer to that would depend on the person and what type of lifestyle and goals they had for themselves. today’s society is pushing everyone to physically and emotionally fit with activities such as mountain biking, swimming skiing, and walking. The reason these and many other activates are so popular is because its fun, its a hobby, receives stress and its exercise whereas riding a stationary bike is exercise but you don’t hear to many people say its their hobby or its a fun pastime. TR(therapeutic recreation) come into place with people with MS and other mental and physical disabilities because their is a need for them to fulfill their goals and expectations like everyone else. Since they have a special need a TR program or specialist can help them fulfill that need. People with MS should have the maximum participation with the fewest adaptations. Just like any other part of their life style they should develop a leisure lifestyle that is normal a possible. I think it is important for Ms patients to choose their own activates and set their own goals, within reason.! Lastly, I feel sensitive to anyone that contracts a disease, such as AIDS, or cancer. Its an awful thing if someone was an IV drug user and than they contacted the Aids Virus or if some one smoked for thirty years and they were diagnosed with lung cancer. I think one of the hardest things about Ms is that you can be healthy or not healthy know one in your family could have it and then one day you show symptoms. Physiologically Yes that would be a difficult thing to deal with. But it is a disease that is striking millions of people and after doing research I believe the positive attitude and to go on with your normal way of living is the best psychological cure. It doesn’t stop you from living, having a job, a family, hobbies, or friends. Overall when they say MS is a mystery disease i would have to agree. I think there is definite hope for a cure for the future. We have medical breakthroughs and have several clues to the disease. How to cite Multiple Sclerosis Diseases, Essay examples

Issues in management crisis

Question: Discuss about the Issues in Management Crisis. Answer: Introduction: In order to manage the unexpected and sudden adverse situation, the business organizations tend to arrange a proper crisis management with which they can rectify the faults. This crisis management aims to identify the appropriate ways to fight with the organizational threats during, before and after the incidents happen. With the help of proper public relation strategies, the business organizations can maintain their reputation among its consumers. The PR strategies can be proved to be very influential in maintaining relationship with the employees, stakeholders, creditors etc at the time of crisis. In this report, the crisis management of a leading business organization has been done with a detailed analysis of the issue, strategies and tactics along with suitable theories on it. Identification of the case: In order to analyze the crisis management of a leading business organization, the financial crisis of Woolworth Limited, Australia has been regarded. It is regarded as one of the chief retailing organization of not only Australia but of New Zealand as well. From the financial report of 2016, it is observed that this organization has secured around $62 billion, while earning a profit of around $2.1 billion. However, in this report, this organization has also mentioned about its financial loss of around $1.72 billion which seems to be the largest loss amount of the history of last twenty seven years of this organization (Woolworths.com.au, 2016). Analysis of the issues: The leading supermarket chain of Australia, Woolworth seems to struggle to maintain the previous position in the retailing market of Australia. It faces obstacles to maintain the prices of its offered products against the excellent marketing strategies of its competitors like Wesfarmers, Coles, Aldi etc. Due to the high prices of its products, the sales rate of this organization falls. Moreover, the poor promotional strategies against the fresh food campaign of Coles increases the negative impact about the food quality on the consumers in Australia. By benchmarking Coles marketing strategies to sell their products at a cheap rate, Woolworth faces financial loss which they hardly can manage. In addition, the rapid growth of Aldi in the retailing market of Australia also affects the confidence level of this organization. The main reason behind such crisis of Woolworth indicates towards their confused manner to approach the consumers and give them a strong and valid reason to shop from their stores. This organization also does not pay attention to improve their brand equity among the consumers which seems to affect the sales rate as the competing retail organizations of Australia constantly work on improving their brand image in the competitive business market (Woolworths.com.au, 2016). Application of suitable theory, ethics: In order to successfully understand the crisis of Woolworth, Everett Rogerss Diffusion of innovation theory can be applied. As per this theory, in order to increase the effectiveness of the function of a particular process, innovation actions cannot be ignored. By implementing proper new ideas, the crisis of a particular situation can be solved (Wu, Chen and Olson 2014). In this innovation process, the new idea can be circulated through the diffusion system. There are four specific elements of the developing process of innovation such as the construction of new idea, the communicating mediums, a suitable social system and sufficient time. In order to increase the sustainability through this theory, the public relation needs to be effective enough. There are five different categories of the adopters of this theory namely innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority and laggards (Schaltegger, Hansen and Ldeke-Freund 2016). Figure: Diffusion of innovation theory (Source: Roche, Propeck-Zimmermann and Mericskay 2013) Applying this theory in the case of Woolworth seems to be appropriate to resolve the financial crisis. After a detailed study of the demands and needs of the Australian retail market, this organization needs to adapt proper new idea to provide fresh food items to their consumers at a reasonable price without affecting their desired profit amount. In order to circulate their new intention, they need to strengthen their communication mediums with the help of electronic media and social media so that the Australian consumers may know about their latest discounts and good quality food items (Berger, Imbierowicz and Rauch 2016). This organization needs to approach their consumers directly with the help of their social media official page where the consumers can know updated information about this organization. If the management of this organization increases its communication mediums, it will subsequently reach to a wide range of consumers with their new idea. In order to gain the positiv e impact, this organization needs to give some time so that it can rightfully approach the mindset of the consumers who will ultimately determine its effectiveness (Cohen et al. 2014). Media and environmental analysis: Strength It seems to be one of the major retailers of Australia. It has very effective human resource team along with technical excellence and leading market position (Gerow, Thatcher and Grover 2015). It aims to provide positive effort to save the environment by reducing carbon footprint along with reducing the food wastage amount (Ferrell and Fraedrich 2015). Weakness This organization faces major obstacle in growing their market share rapidly as it mainly focuses upon providing their products at high prices so that it can overcome its financial loss (Grgoire, Salle and Tripp 2015). Opportunity As the retailing market of Australia possesses a great potential because the demands and needs of the consumers are rapidly changing. Moreover, the advancement of technology along with the supply chain system tends to encourage the retailing organization of Australia for further growth (Gruber et al. 2015). Woolworth also aims to increase their potential by adapting new strategy to provide the consumers quality products in reasonable prices. Threat This organization is facing massive threat from its major competitors namely Aldi and Coles. The rapid growth of these organizations along with their perfect marketing strategies creates threat for Woolworth which presently fails to attract the consumers towards their products for the high prices. On the other hand, the high amount of carbon tax, implemented by Australian Government creates major threat for all retailing organizations, especially Woolworth which restricted the business exposure of this organization. Table: SWOT analysis of Woolworth Limited, Australia (Source: Woolworths.com.au, 2016) The role of media in handling the situation during crisis of an organization seems to be very importance because with the help of media, the management of the affected organization can influence the people to act responsibly so that the organization can overcome its crisis as soon as possible. In the case of Woolworth, it needs to take the help of social media in order to inform the Australian consumers about the adverse financial situation (Jin, Liu and Austin 2014). It can help them to maintain their reputation among its consumers and will also help them to maintain their sales rate even during the crisis period so that they can overcome the financial loss faster. Even if, they do not bother to maintain their media connection, it will affect their reputation among consumers as media can reveal the major flaws of this organization behind this huge financial loss. Stakeholder analysis: The stakeholders analysis refers to the strategic analysis with which the business organizations tend to identify the evil factors which can harm the systematic function. In the case of Woolworth, the stakeholders can actively participate in the monitoring process of the financial crisis along with participating in identifying the key reasons behind this critical situation (Kuipers et al. 2014). Woolworth Limited can also take the help of the feedbacks of their stakeholders so that they can successfully identify the potential risks that can affect the function of their organization along with identifying the key responsible individuals who can take active participation in the crisis management (Ogunleye 2014). This analysis of the present situation and the potentiality of further growth can help to attract other stakeholders as well. Strategy Development of effective communication In order to face the financial crisis together, the management of Woolworth needs to adapt effective communication system with which they can inform all their employees about the crucial time of their organization. This effective communication will definitely help the employees to understand their responsibilities towards the organization in resolving the financial crisis. On the other hand, by developing effective media communication, through both print and electronic media, this organization can be able to leave positive impact upon its consumers (Roche, Propeck-Zimmermann and Mericskay 2013). With the help of media, Woolworth can inform the consumers about their financial crisis so that they can gain sympathy from them that can help to increase their sales rate. Healthy discussion about the financial crisis In order to resolve the crisis period faster, the management of Woolworth needs to discuss with their employees so that they can also take active participation and contribute their own ideas. In this way, the loyalty of the employees towards the crisis period of their organization can be lifted effectively (Schlesinger and Doyle 2015). This kind of frank communication among the employees of Woolworth can be proved to be fruitful in maintaining the performance level adequate to the crisis period. Needs to finalize key organizational crisis message This organization needs to adapt the key message strategy so that it can continuously inform its stakeholders and consumers about the latest updates in managing the crisis situation. The organization knows about their latest financial position which they need to inform their stakeholders as well to maintain the business ethics (Schnackenberg and Tomlinson 2016). In order to avoid the limited word message pattern of the social networking sites, this organization can employ specific links in their official sites so that the interested people can go to the link and get to know the current financial situation. Tactics: Needs to develop crisis communication team In order to handle the critical financial situation of the organization, the management of Woolworth needs to build an executive team so that it can communicate with the stakeholders, consumers and above all with the employees about the critical financial situation (Taneja et al. 2014). This team needs to include the legal advisor along with the public relation executive so that they can evaluate the impact of this financial crisis upon the consumers and stakeholders and can take necessary measures to improve the reputation of their organization. Needs to train the spokesperson of the organization In order to communicate with the media and other related stakeholders along with the consumers, the management of Woolworth needs to identify suitable spokes person from their organization who can communicate the present situation of the organization with the outer world (Van Der Vegt et al. 2015). By providing the selected candidate proper training and selecting the appropriate communication medium such as social media, traditional print media etc, this organization can inform the outer world about their present financial situation in a more convenient way. Employment of monitoring systems The crisis communication team of Woolworth needs to employ suitable monitoring system so that they can provide their effective share in measuring the crisis response along with maintaining adapting prevention measures (Wu, Chen and Olson 2014). With the help of this monitoring system, this organization can identify the feedback of the stakeholders along with their customers with which they can determine appropriate crisis management tactics. There are a number of communications monitoring systems that this organization can adapt such as Google alerts, Hootsuite etc. Conclusion: In this way, the crisis management of Woolworth Limited has been done by putting emphasis on the issue. The media and environmental factors are also explored so that the proper reason behind this crisis can be identified. The whole crisis management has been strengthened with the help of suitable theory on crisis management. The stakeholders point of view behind this crisis of this organization has also been analyzed. Required PR strategy and tactics are also suggested to resolve the financial crisis of this organization more effectively. References Berger, A.N., Imbierowicz, B. and Rauch, C., 2016. The roles of corporate governance in bank failures during the recent financial crisis.Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,48(4), pp.729-770 Cohen, L.J., Cornett, M.M., Marcus, A.J. and Tehranian, H., 2014. Bank earnings management and tail risk during the financial crisis.Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,46(1), pp.171-197 Ferrell, O.C. and Fraedrich, J., 2015.Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education Gerow, J.E., Thatcher, J.B. and Grover, V., 2015. 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